rollers 音标拼音: [r'olɚz]
长涌群
长涌群
rollers 滚轮
ground \
ground \ (
ground ),
n . [
OE .
ground ,
grund ,
AS .
grund ;
akin to D .
grond ,
OS .,
G .,
Sw ., &
Dan .
grund ,
Icel .
grunnr bottom ,
Goth .
grundus (
in composition );
perh .
orig .
meaning ,
dust ,
gravel ,
and if so perh .
akin to E .
grind .]
1 .
The surface of the earth ;
the outer crust of the globe ,
or some indefinite portion of it .
[
1913 Webster ]
There was not a man to till the ground . --
Gen .
ii .
5 .
[
1913 Webster ]
The fire ran along upon the ground . --
Ex .
ix .
23 .
Hence :
A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Any definite portion of the earth '
s surface ;
region ;
territory ;
country .
Hence :
A territory appropriated to ,
or resorted to ,
for a particular purpose ;
the field or place of action ;
as ,
a hunting or fishing ground ;
a play ground .
[
1913 Webster ]
From . . .
old Euphrates ,
to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground . --
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Land ;
estate ;
possession ;
field ;
esp . (
pl .),
the gardens ,
lawns ,
fields ,
etc .,
belonging to a homestead ;
as ,
the grounds of the estate are well kept .
[
1913 Webster ]
Thy next design is on thy neighbor '
s grounds .
--
Dryden .
4 .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
The basis on which anything rests ;
foundation .
Hence :
The foundation of knowledge ,
belief ,
or conviction ;
a premise ,
reason ,
or datum ;
ultimate or first principle ;
cause of existence or occurrence ;
originating force or agency ;
as ,
the ground of my hope .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 . (
Paint . &
Decorative Art )
(
a )
That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set ,
and which relieves them by its plainness ,
being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another ;
as ,
crimson Bowers on a white ground .
See {
Background }, {
Foreground },
and {
Middle -
ground }.
(
b )
In sculpture ,
a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief .
(
c )
In point lace ,
the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied ;
as ,
Brussels ground .
See {
Brussels lace },
under {
Brussels }.
[
1913 Webster ]
6 . (
Etching )
A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched ,
to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle .
[
1913 Webster ]
7 . (
Arch .)
One of the pieces of wood ,
flush with the plastering ,
to which moldings ,
etc .,
are attached ; --
usually in the plural .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them .
[
1913 Webster ]
8 . (
Mus .)
(
a )
A composition in which the bass ,
consisting of a few bars of independent notes ,
is continually repeated to a varying melody .
(
b )
The tune on which descants are raised ;
the plain song .
--
Moore (
Encyc .).
[
1913 Webster ]
On that ground I '
ll build a holy descant .
--
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
9 . (
Elec .)
A conducting connection with the earth ,
whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit .
[
1913 Webster ]
10 .
pl .
Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids ;
dregs ;
lees ;
feces ;
as ,
coffee grounds .
[
1913 Webster ]
11 .
The pit of a theater . [
Obs .] --
B .
Jonson .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Ground angling },
angling with a weighted line without a float .
{
Ground annual } (
Scots Law ),
an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent ,
which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land .
{
Ground ash }. (
Bot .)
See {
Groutweed }.
{
Ground bailiff } (
Mining ),
a superintendent of mines .
--
Simmonds .
{
Ground bait },
bits of bread ,
boiled barley or worms ,
etc .,
thrown into the water to collect the fish , --
Wallon .
{
Ground bass }
or {
Ground base } (
Mus .),
fundamental base ;
a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody .
{
Ground beetle } (
Zool .),
one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family {
Carabid [
ae ]},
living mostly in burrows or under stones ,
etc .
{
Ground chamber },
a room on the ground floor .
{
Ground cherry }. (
Bot .)
(
a )
A genus ({
Physalis })
of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod :
esp .,
the strawberry tomato ({
Physalis Alkekengi }).
See {
Alkekengl }.
(
b )
A European shrub ({
Prunus Cham [
ae ]
cerasus }),
with small ,
very acid fruit .
{
Ground cuckoo }. (
Zool .)
See {
Chaparral cock }.
{
Ground cypress }. (
Bot .)
See {
Lavender cotton }.
{
Ground dove } (
Zool .),
one of several small American pigeons of the genus {
Columbigallina },
esp . {
C .
passerina }
of the Southern United States ,
Mexico ,
etc .
They live chiefly on the ground .
{
Ground fish } (
Zool .),
any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea ,
as the sole ,
turbot ,
halibut .
{
Ground floor },
the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground ; --
called also in America ,
but not in England ,
the {
first floor }.
{
Ground form } (
Gram .),
the stem or basis of a word ,
to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation .
It is sometimes ,
but not always ,
the same as the root .
{
Ground furze } (
Bot .),
a low slightly thorny ,
leguminous shrub ({
Ononis arvensis })
of Europe and Central Asia ,; --
called also {
rest -
harrow }.
{
Ground game },
hares ,
rabbits ,
etc .,
as distinguished from winged game .
{
Ground hele } (
Bot .),
a perennial herb ({
Veronica officinalis })
with small blue flowers ,
common in Europe and America ,
formerly thought to have curative properties .
{
Ground of the heavens } (
Astron .),
the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected .
{
Ground hemlock } (
Bot .),
the yew ({
Taxus baccata }
var .
Canadensisi )
of eastern North America ,
distinguished from that of Europe by its low ,
straggling stems .
{
Ground hog }. (
Zool .)
(
a )
The woodchuck or American marmot ({
Arctomys monax }).
See {
Woodchuck }.
(
b )
The aardvark .
{
Ground hold } (
Naut .),
ground tackle . [
Obs .] --
Spenser .
{
Ground ice },
ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface .
{
Ground ivy }. (
Bot .)
A trailing plant ;
alehoof .
See {
Gill }.
{
Ground joist },
a joist for a basement or ground floor ;
a .
sleeper .
{
Ground lark } (
Zool .),
the European pipit .
See {
Pipit }.
{
Ground laurel } (
Bot .).
See {
Trailing arbutus },
under {
Arbutus }.
{
Ground line } (
Descriptive Geom .),
the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection .
{
Ground liverwort } (
Bot .),
a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles ({
Marchantia polymorpha }).
{
Ground mail },
in Scotland ,
the fee paid for interment in a churchyard .
{
Ground mass } (
Geol .),
the fine -
grained or glassy base of a rock ,
in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded .
{
Ground parrakeet } (
Zool .),
one of several Australian parrakeets ,
of the genera {
Callipsittacus }
and {
Geopsittacus },
which live mainly upon the ground .
{
Ground pearl } (
Zool .),
an insect of the family {
Coccid [
ae ]}
({
Margarodes formicarum }),
found in ants '
nests in the Bahamas ,
and having a shelly covering .
They are strung like beads ,
and made into necklaces by the natives .
{
Ground pig } (
Zool .),
a large ,
burrowing ,
African rodent ({
Aulacodus Swinderianus })
about two feet long ,
allied to the porcupines but with harsh ,
bristly hair ,
and no spines ; --
called also {
ground rat }.
{
Ground pigeon } (
Zool .),
one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground ,
as the tooth -
billed pigeon ({
Didunculus strigirostris }),
of the Samoan Islands ,
and the crowned pigeon ,
or goura .
See {
Goura },
and {
Ground dove } (
above ).
{
Ground pine }. (
Bot .)
(
a )
A blue -
flowered herb of the genus {
Ajuga } ({
A .
Cham [
ae ]
pitys }),
formerly included in the genus {
Teucrium }
or germander ,
and named from its resinous smell . --
Sir J .
Hill .
(
b )
A long ,
creeping ,
evergreen plant of the genus {
Lycopodium } ({
L .
clavatum }); --
called also {
club moss }.
(
c )
A tree -
shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height ,
of the same genus ({
L .
dendroideum })
found in moist ,
dark woods in the northern part of the United States . --
Gray .
{
Ground plan } (
Arch .),
a plan of the ground floor of any building ,
or of any floor ,
as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section .
{
Ground plane },
the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing .
{
Ground plate }.
(
a ) (
Arch .)
One of the chief pieces of framing of a building ;
a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights ;
a ground sill or groundsel .
(
b ) (
Railroads )
A bed plate for sleepers or ties ;
a mudsill .
(
c ) (
Teleg .)
A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto .
Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities .
--
Knight .
{
Ground plot },
the ground upon which any structure is erected ;
hence ,
any basis or foundation ;
also ,
a ground plan .
{
Ground plum } (
Bot .),
a leguminous plant ({
Astragalus caryocarpus })
occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas ,
and having a succulent plum -
shaped pod .
{
Ground rat }. (
Zool .)
See {
Ground pig } (
above ).
{
Ground rent },
rent paid for the privilege of building on another man '
s land .
{
Ground robin }. (
Zool .)
See {
Chewink }.
{
Ground room },
a room on the ground floor ;
a lower room .
--
Tatler .
{
Ground sea },
the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean ,
which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause ,
breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows ; --
called also {
rollers },
and in Jamaica , {
the North sea }.
{
Ground sill }.
See {
Ground plate } (
a ) (
above ).
{
Ground snake } (
Zool .),
a small burrowing American snake ({
Celuta am [
oe ]
na }).
It is salmon colored ,
and has a blunt tail .
{
Ground squirrel }. (
Zool .)
(
a )
One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera {
Tamias }
and {
Spermophilus },
having cheek pouches .
The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species ;
the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher ,
the gray gopher ,
and many allied Western species .
See {
Chipmunk },
and {
Gopher }.
(
b )
Any species of the African genus {
Xerus },
allied to {
Tamias }.
{
Ground story }.
Same as {
Ground floor } (
above ).
{
Ground substance } (
Anat .),
the intercellular substance ,
or matrix ,
of tissues .
{
Ground swell }.
(
a ) (
Bot .)
The plant groundsel . [
Obs .] --
Holland .
(
b )
A broad ,
deep swell or undulation of the ocean ,
caused by a long continued gale ,
and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased .
{
Ground table }. (
Arch .)
See Earth table ,
under Earth .
{
Ground tackle } (
Naut .),
the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor . --
Totten .
{
Ground thrush } (
Zool .),
one of numerous species of bright -
colored Oriental birds of the family {
Pittid [
ae ]}.
See {
Pitta }.
{
Ground tier }.
(
a )
The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel '
s hold .
--
Totten .
(
b )
The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel '
s hold .
(
c )
The lowest range of boxes in a theater .
{
Ground timbers } (
Shipbuilding )
the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson ;
floor timbers .
--
Knight .
{
Ground tit }. (
Zool .)
See {
Ground wren } (
below ).
{
Ground wheel },
that wheel of a harvester ,
mowing machine ,
etc .,
which ,
rolling on the ground ,
drives the mechanism .
{
Ground wren } (
Zool .),
a small California bird ({
Cham [
ae ]
a fasciata })
allied to the wrens and titmice .
It inhabits the arid plains .
Called also {
ground tit },
and {
wren tit }.
{
To bite the ground }, {
To break ground }.
See under {
Bite },
{
Break }.
{
To come to the ground }, {
To fall to the ground },
to come to nothing ;
to fail ;
to miscarry .
{
To gain ground }.
(
a )
To advance ;
to proceed forward in conflict ;
as ,
an army in battle gains ground .
(
b )
To obtain an advantage ;
to have some success ;
as ,
the army gains ground on the enemy .
(
c )
To gain credit ;
to become more prosperous or influential .
{
To get ground },
or {
To gather ground },
to gain ground . [
R .]
"
Evening mist . . .
gathers ground fast ." --
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
There is no way for duty to prevail ,
and get ground of them ,
but by bidding higher . --
South .
{
To give ground },
to recede ;
to yield advantage .
[
1913 Webster ]
These nine . . .
began to give me ground . --
Shak .
{
To lose ground },
to retire ;
to retreat ;
to withdraw from the position taken ;
hence ,
to lose advantage ;
to lose credit or reputation ;
to decline .
{
To stand one '
s ground },
to stand firm ;
to resist attack or encroachment . --
Atterbury .
{
To take the ground }
to touch bottom or become stranded ; --
said of a ship .
[
1913 Webster ]
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